Cite Us!#

If you use MCEq in your scientific publication, please cite the code AND the physical models.

The current citation for the MCEq is:

Calculation of conventional and prompt lepton fluxes at very high energy
A. Fedynitch, R. Engel, T. K. Gaisser, F. Riehn, T. Stanev,
EPJ Web Conf. 99 (2015) 08001
arXiv:1503.00544

The citation for specific lepton flux calcations can be found here:

Hadronic interaction model sibyll 2.3c and inclusive lepton fluxes
A. Fedynitch, F. Riehn, R. Engel, T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev
Phys.Rev.D 100 (2019) 10, 103018
arXiv:1806.04140

Cite Others!#

Cosmic-ray flux parameterizations#

The parameterizations of the flux of cosmic rays are provided via the module crflux. The references are given in the module’s documentation.

Atmosphere#

  • CORSIKA parametrizations
    CORSIKA: A Monte Carlo Code to Simulate Extensive Air Showers
    D. Heck, J. Knapp, J. Capdevielle, G. Schatz, T. Thouw
    Tech. Rep. FZKA 6019, Karsruhe (1998)
  • NRLMSISE-00
    NRLMSISE-00 empirical model of the atmosphere: Statistical comparisons and scientific issues
    J.M. Picone, A.E. Hedin, D.P. Drob, and A.C. Aikin
    J. Geophys. Res., 107(A12), 1468, doi:10.1029/2002JA009430, (2002)

Hadronic interaction models#

  • SIBYLL★:
    Sibyll★
    F. Riehn, A. Fedynitch, R. Engel
    Astropart.Phys. 160 (2024) 102964
    arXiv:2404.02636
  • SIBYLL-2.3d & c:
    Hadronic interaction model sibyll 2.3d and extensive air showers
    F. Riehn, R. Engel, A. Fedynitch, T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev
    Phys.Rev.D 102 (2020) 6, 063002
    arXiv:1912.03300
  • SIBYLL-2.3c:
    Hadronic interaction model sibyll 2.3c and inclusive lepton fluxes
    A. Fedynitch, F. Riehn, R. Engel, T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev
    Phys.Rev.D 100 (2019) 10, 103018
    arXiv:1806.04140
  • SIBYLL-2.3:
    A new version of the event generator Sibyll
    F. Riehn, R. Engel, A. Fedynitch, T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev
    PoS ICRC2015 (2016) 558
  • SIBYLL-2.1:
    Cosmic ray interaction event generator SIBYLL 2.1
    E.-J. Ahn, R. Engel, T. K. Gaisser, P. Lipari, T.Stanev
    Phys.Rev. D80 (2009) 094003
  • EPOS-LHC-R:
    EPOS LHC-R : a global approach to solve the muon puzzle
    T. Pierog and K. Werner
    PoS ICRC2025 (2025) 358
    PoS
  • EPOS-LHC:
    EPOS LHC : test of collective hadronization with LHC data
    T. Pierog, I. Karpenko, J. M. Katzy, E. Yatsenko, and K. Werner
    Phys. Rev. C92 (2015) 034906
    arXiv:1306.0121
  • QGSJET-III Particle Production and Extensive Air Showers:
    QGSJET-III model of high energy hadronic interactions: II. Particle production and extensive air shower characteristics
    Sergey Ostapchenko
    Phys.Rev.D 109 (2024) 9, 094019,
  • QGSJET-III Formalism:
    QGSJET-III model of high energy hadronic interactions: The formalism
    Sergey Ostapchenko
    Phys.Rev.D 109 (2024) 3, 034002,
  • QGSJET-II-04:
    Monte Carlo treatment of hadronic interactions in enhanced Pomeron scheme: I. QGSJET-II model
    Sergey Ostapchenko
    Phys.Rev. D83 (2011) 014018,
  • DPMJET-III:
    The Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET-III
    S. Roesler, R. Engel, J. Ranft
    Advanced Monte Carlo for radiation physics, particle transport simulation and applications. Proceedings, Conference, MC2000, Lisbon, Portugal, October 23-26, 2000
  • DPMJET-III-19.1:
    Cascade equations and hadronic interactions at very high energies
    A. Fedynitch
    CERN-THESIS-2015-371